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China appears to be entering a new phase of military modernization — one powered by artificial intelligence. From robot dogs that can climb stairs to drone swarms capable of identifying and tracking enemy targets, Beijing is rapidly integrating AI into its defense strategy.At the heart of this transformation is DeepSeek, China’s flagship AI model, which is increasingly being adopted by the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) for battlefield decision-making, target recognition, and combat support systems.Defense giant Norinco unveiled its AI-powered P60 military vehicle earlier this year, boasting autonomous combat-support capabilities at speeds up to 50 km/h. Officials hailed it as proof of China’s growing AI strength and a step closer to military parity with the United States.
Research papers, patents, and procurement records reviewed by Reuters indicate a systematic push to develop AI-powered military tools. These range from DeepSeek-based simulation systems that analyze thousands of war scenarios in seconds to Huawei-chip-driven image recognition systems for real-time satellite data analysis.
Despite U.S. export bans on Nvidia’s A100 and H100 chips, PLA-linked institutes continue to reference them in patents, suggesting either stockpiling or indirect access through older systems. Simultaneously, domestic chipmakers like Huawei are stepping in, powering new AI systems across the defense sector.Experts say this rapid AI adoption reflects China’s pursuit of “algorithmic sovereignty” — independence from Western technology and total control over its digital defense infrastructure. Still, Beijing’s growing reliance on AI weapons raises concerns about human oversight and the potential for autonomous warfare.As the U.S. military plans to deploy thousands of AI-driven drones by the end of 2025, China’s DeepSeek-led initiatives could mark the beginning of a new technological arms race — one where algorithms, not just armies, determine victory.
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